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Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contributors
Executive summary
Abbreviations

1. Introduction
1.1 HIV/AIDS in South Africa
1.2 Rationale and aims of the main study
1.3 Rationale and aims of the childrens study
1.3.1 Vertical transmission
1.3.2 Sexual abuse and premature sexual activity
1.3.3 HIV transmission through healthcare
1.3.4 Child risk for HIV infection
1.3.5 Aims
1.4 Conceptual framework

2. Methods
2.1 Study sample
2.2 Sampling
2.3 Weighting of the sample
2.4 Questionnaire development
2.5 Selection of specimen collection devices and HIV test kits
2.6 Ethical considerations
2.7 Pilot study
2.8 Data collection and quality control
2.9 Data management and analysis
2.10 Strengths and limitations of the study
2.10.1 Strengths
2.10.2 Limitations

3. Results
3.1 HIV prevalence among children 2 to 18 years
3.1.1 Discussion on HIV prevalence amongst children
3.2 Orphans
3.2.1 HIV prevalence by orphan status
3.2.2 Discussion
3.3 Child-headed households
3.3.1 Discussion
3.4 Sexual debut and sexual experience
3.5 Risk factors and risk environments for children
3.5.1 Risk environments
3.5.2 Care and protection
3.5.3 Knowledge and communication about HIV/AIDS
3.5.4 Discussion

4. Conclusions and Recommendations
HIV prevalence
Orphanhood
Child-headed households
Sexual debate and experience
Risk factors and risk environments for children
Significance and future research
References
List of tables